Dissertation factors influencing african marriages

Dissertation factors influencing african marriages

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Marriage In The African Culture | How Africa News

Reproductive Health volume 15Article number: 15 Cite this article. Metrics details. Adolescent pregnancy has been persistently high in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this review is to identify factors influencing adolescent pregnancies in sub-Saharan Africa in order to design appropriate intervention program.

A search in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of science, and Google Scholar databases with the following keywords: determinants, factors, reasons, sociocultural factors, adolescent pregnancy, unintended pregnancies, and sub- Saharan Africa. Qualitative and cross-sectional studies intended to assess factors dissertation factors influencing african marriages adolescent pregnancies as the primary outcome variable in sub- Dissertation factors influencing african marriages Africa were included.

Our search was limited to, articles published from the year to in English. Twenty-four 24 original articles met the inclusion criteria. Individual factors excessive use of alcohol, substance abuse, educational status, low self-esteem, and inability to resist sexual temptation, curiosity, and cell phone usage. Health service-related factors cost of contraceptives, Inadequate and unskilled health workers, long waiting time and lack of privacy at clinics, lack of comprehensive sexuality education, misconceptions about contraceptives, and non-friendly adolescent reproductive services, as influencing adolescent pregnancies in Sub-Saharan Africa.

High levels of adolescent pregnancies in Sub-Saharan Africa is attributable to multiple factors. Our study, however, categorized these factors into three major themes; sociocultural and economic, individual, dissertation factors influencing african marriages, and health service related factors as influencing adolescent pregnancies.

Community sensitization, comprehensive sexuality education and ensuring girls enroll and stay in schools could reduce adolescent pregnancy rates. Also, provision of dissertation factors influencing african marriages health services in schools and healthcare centers and initiating adolescent empowerment programs could have a positive impact.

Peer Review reports. Adolescent pregnancies have been persistently high in sub-Saharan Africa. This study seeks to identify factors influencing adolescent pregnancies in sub-Saharan Africa through a systematic review of published scientific articles.

A total of two hundred and twenty nine original articles published between and were first identified from various data bases. Finally, twenty-four 24 original articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study.

All articles were studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. We believe that Community sensitization, sex education and ensuring girls enrol and stay in schools could reduce adolescent pregnancy rates. Also, provision of adolescent friendly health services at schools and initiating adolescent empowerment programs could have positive impact.

The long-lived belief in the African society where females were not prioritized for education is fading out. With this, it expected that female education will increase in sub-Saharan Africa [ 1 ]. Unfortunately, adolescent pregnancy contributes to denying brilliant students education and has potential to retard their growth and development including that of their children. According to WHO about 17 million adolescent girls give birth every year and most of these births occur in low- and middle-income countries [ 2 ].

Adolescent health and development are of global concern. The need to prevent early pregnancy among adolescent girls in Dissertation factors influencing african marriages Africa has been recognized increasingly over recent years [ 3 ]. African countries lead the world in teen pregnancies: With Niger on the top list of Mali follows with Adolescent girls continue to experience the disproportionately high burden of sexual and reproductive ill health, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa [ 3 ].

High adolescent pregnancies with adverse health and social consequences are urgent problems facing low- and middle-income countries [ 2 ]. Adolescents are likely to have complications of pregnancy including unsafe abortion and more likely to become young mothers a second time [ 256 ]. Their infants are also more likely to be born premature and to die in the perinatal period [ 7 ]. Babies born to adolescent mothers face a substantially higher risk of dying than those born to women aged 20 to 24 [ 258 ].

They are at risk of malnutrition, low mental and physical development, inappropriate social connection dissertation factors influencing african marriages parents and poor education [ 59 ]. Adolescents develop psychological problems from social stigma, suffer physical and domestic violence in their attempt to meet the demands of pregnancy and childbearing [ 910 ]. Also, they most likely would drop out and may not get the chance to return to school [ 11 ].

The inadequate resources of low and middle-income countries would have to be channeled to cater for the health needs of pregnant and teen mothers including their children [ 5 ]. Economic opportunities are limited to adolescents who could not complete school because of unintended pregnancies.

This could be the beginning of a poverty cycle in families, however, some are able dissertation factors influencing african marriages face the challenge and dissertation factors influencing african marriages productive later in life.

Factors associated with unintended pregnancies amongst adolescents are early marriages, dissertation factors influencing african marriages, culture, religion, gender [ 12 ], dissertation factors influencing african marriages, poor social and economic support [ 1314 ]. Curiosity and peer pressure [ 1516 ], lack of comprehensive sexuality education [ 171819 ], poor reproductive health services provision [ 1920 ], poor attitude of health workers to providing contraceptive services for adolescents [ 1521 ].

Also, unmet need for contraceptives by adolescents [ 22 ] and fear of contraceptive side effects [ 16 ]. Barriers to contraceptive use among adolescents include inadequate sexual knowledge and risk perceptions. Also, lack of skills and power to negotiate safer sex options, ambivalence towards sex, and negative social norms around premarital sexual activity and pregnancy [ 23 ].

Policy makers in Sub-Saharan Africa need to understand the determinants of adolescent pregnancy in their context in order to design pragmatic interventional programs to reduce unintended pregnancies amongst adolescents. Since there has not been any review of literature on the determinants of adolescent pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa, this study aims to identify the determinants of high adolescent pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa.

MEDLINE, Scopus, web of science and Google Scholar databases were searched in July with the following keywords: determinants, factors, reasons, sociocultural factors, adolescent pregnancy, unintended pregnancies, and sub- Saharan Africa.

Qualitative and cross-sectional studies intended to assess the factors influencing adolescent pregnancies either intended or unintended as the primary outcome variable in sub- Saharan Africa was included. Our search was limited to articles published in English from to Qualitative and cross-sectional studies that assessed the factors associated with adolescent pregnancy, conducted in sub-Saharan Africa, whether the pregnancy was intended or not, from the year to were included.

Studies that addressed factors associated with adolescent pregnancy, yet conducted outside Sub-Saharan Africa were excluded from the study. A search framework was constructed and implemented through a broad scope and exhaustive search using Tehran University of Medical Sciences electronic library to identify applicable studies published in English.

The search identified a total of articles, which composed of original research articles dissertation factors influencing african marriages 5 review articles. After the screening of titles and abstracts, 54 articles were excluded because they did not address adolescent pregnancy. Articles that addressed adolescent pregnancy were and 5 reviews.

All the review articles were excluded because 3 were conducted outside the study setting, and the other 2 did not assess the determinants of adolescent pregnancy. With the rest of the articles, 40 did not assess determinants of adolescent pregnancy, 16 were conducted before the year56 were not full text and 34 were duplicated. Therefore, 24 research articles were sieved and included in the study. Figure 1 demonstrates articles selection criterion.

The main variables assessed were age, lack of money, lack of family support, the culture of not talking about sex at home, peer influence, broken homes, early marriages, and religion. Service-related factors such as lack of adolescent-friendly services, inadequate comprehensive sexuality education, non-availability and cost of contraceptives, inadequate health personnel, judgmental attitude of service providers and inadequate counseling.

Personal behavioral factors such as alcohol and tobacco use, fear of stigma and being judged by the service provider, low self-efficacy, low self-esteem, vulnerability and rape, curiosity, inadequate education and knowledge about contraceptives. The Joanna Briggs appraisal tool [ 24 ] was used independently by the authors to appraise and certify for inclusion or exclusion of articles. Both authors, before inclusion, reached consensus.

The tool consists of a checklist of ten questions for qualitative studies, dissertation factors influencing african marriages, eight for cross-sectional studies and 11 for systematic reviews and research syntheses. The study has revealed, through a comprehensive search the determinants of adolescent pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa. The results of the study are similar to global reports [ 25 ].

Dissertation factors influencing african marriages addition, the study revealed a gap in research regarding literature on determinants of adolescent pregnancy in the five sub-Saharan Africa countries with the highest rates [ 4 ].

Diverse disciplines deal with adolescents and adolescent pregnancies; this makes it possible to miss some articles during the search process since their findings may not be published in scientific based journals which were our main source of data. Secondly, grey literature, reports, and unpublished studies were not included in this review. In addition, some articles reported findings from small sample sizes. Healthcare services offered to assist adolescents access sexual and reproductive health information.

Teaching abstinence as the best method for avoiding unintended pregnancy, but also teaching about condoms and contraception to reduce the risk of unintended pregnancy.

It also involves empowering adolescents to resist sexual temptations and peer pressure. Inability to avoid or say no dissertation factors influencing african marriages sexual desires and pressure from both internal and external sources, and acting on it. Recreational activities, which creates a risky sexual environment e. disco dances, clubbing etc.

Excessive and uncontrolled use of illicit and addictive substances such as tobacco, marijuana. Articles included in this review were studies conducted in Sub-Saharan African countries with a focus on adolescent pregnancies. Out of 24 articles, eight 8 were qualitative research [ 192326dissertation factors influencing african marriages28293031 ], 15 were cross-sectional studies [ 153233343536dissertation factors influencing african marriages, 373839404142434445 ], and one article used mixed method [ 46 ] Table 1.

Participants in this study were mostly adolescents. The study settings were both rural and urban, with an approximated total population of 11, participants. Participants per study varied from 10 as the least to as the highest.

They provided information regarding some of the determinants of adolescent pregnancy. It is interesting to note that there is no published data dissertation factors influencing african marriages this review years from the top five sub-Saharan African countries with adolescent pregnancy above births peradolescents [ 47 ].

The study revealed three major themes influencing adolescent pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: Sociocultural, environmental and Economic, Individual, and Health-Related Factors. Peer influence was reported by 11 studies [ 1523263134353639414546 ], Unwanted sexual advances from adult males which often led to coercive sexual relations [ 19dissertation factors influencing african marriages, 283135 ]. Also, unequal gender power relations [ 1927283031353839 ], poverty [ 19232628313233343638dissertation factors influencing african marriages45 ], religion and early marriage [ 283940 ].

In addition, lack of parental counseling and guidance, severe family dysfunction with parental neglect [ 232631333435363740414546 ]. The absence of affordable or free education [ 41 ]. Lack of comprehensive sexuality education, both in schools and at home with family members [ 1519232629313234dissertation factors influencing african marriages, 36dissertation factors influencing african marriages, 3741dissertation factors influencing african marriages, 4546 ].

Positive attitude towards early sexual relationships, and early sexual debut [ 1422dissertation factors influencing african marriages, 293137383941 ]. Inappropriate forms of recreation [ 45 ]. Excessive use of alcohol and substance abuse [ 1931 ], educational status [ 26323742 ], low self-esteem and inability to resist sexual temptation [ 23283031353839 ], and curiosity [ 313235 ].

Cell phone usage by teenagers [ 34 ]. Cost of contraceptives [ 19 ]. Inadequate and unskilled health workers [ 192743 ].

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Dissertation Factors Influencing African Marriages have always been there for me even when my assignment was last minute. Thank you from the bottom Dissertation Factors Influencing African Marriages of my heart. May God bless you and your family always. - Ann, English Graduate It then sets out to investigate demographic factors that influence these attitudes through correlation analysis. LITERATURE REVIEW Firstly we look at marriage with its advantages as well as its recent changes. Then cohabitation trends and factors influencing marriage are discussed to create a better understanding of the FACTORS INFLUENCING DOMESTIC AND MARITAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN GHANA. Eric Y Tenkorang. 1. Eric H Yeboah. 2 Yaa Adobea Owusu. 3. Correspondence to: ytenko@blogger.com Abstract. 1 Department of Sociology, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada, A1C 5S7